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Garden Bird

Dunnock

Prunella modularis

The Dunnock is a shy, inconspicuous garden bird often seen skulking in shrubs and hedgerows across the UK. Known for its subtle colouring and quick movements, it is best identified by its distinctive high-pitched thin song and its habit of feeding on the ground.

At a glance

Quick field summary

The Dunnock is a shy, inconspicuous garden bird often seen skulking in shrubs and hedgerows across the UK. Known for its subtle colouring and quick movements, it is best identified by its distinctive high-pitched thin song and its habit of feeding on the ground.

Best seenAll year
HabitatGarden Woodland Parks Hedgerows
DietInsects, seeds and berries
StatusLeast Concern
Identification

How to identify Dunnock

The Dunnock is a small bird with a slender pointed bill, brown streaked back, and greyish head and underparts. It moves with a characteristic darting motion, often seen foraging quietly on the ground beneath hedges and bushes.

  • Streaked brown back
  • Grey head and underparts
  • Thin, high-pitched song
  • Slender pointed bill
  • Skulking behaviour near hedges
Where to see it

Habitat, range and timing

Commonly found in gardens, parks, and woodland edges throughout the UK, especially where dense shrubs or hedgerows offer cover.

Widespread resident throughout the UK, with populations stable in both urban and rural areas.

  • South East England
  • East Anglia
  • South West England
  • Midlands
  • Scotland Central Belt
Spring Listen for the high-pitched song as males establish territories in woodland edges and gardens.
Summer Most active during breeding season, often seen feeding fledglings in dense shrubs.
Autumn Forages discreetly on the ground under hedgerows, preparing for winter by eating insects and spiders.
Winter Often joins mixed feeding flocks in gardens and hedgerows, remaining foraging close to dense cover.
Behaviour

Song, movement and nesting

The Dunnock's thin, high-pitched song is a delicate series of trills and twitters, often delivered from a low perch or in flight bursts.

Nests are built low in dense shrubs or hedges, made of moss, leaves and grass; eggs are speckled and pale with reddish-brown marks.

Gallery

Photos and plumage details

Compare

Similar birds

Use shape, plumage and habitat together to separate close matches in the field.

Keep exploring

Discover more British birds

Browse a few more field guides and keep building your knowledge of the birds around you.

Questions

Common questions

What does a Dunnock eat?

Mostly insects, spiders and small invertebrates found on the ground.

Is a Dunnock a type of sparrow?

It belongs to the sparrow family but is distinct in behaviour and appearance from House Sparrows.

Where do Dunnocks nest?

In dense shrubs or hedgerows close to the ground.

Are Dunnocks easy to spot?

They are shy and unobtrusive, often staying hidden in undergrowth.

Can Dunnocks sing?

Yes, their song is a delicate, thin trill often heard in spring.